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Table 2 Ordinal and logistic regressions analyzing associations between glycaemic status in four categories and CACS, carotid artery plaque and peripheral artery disease

From: Prevalence of atherosclerosis in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes compared to normoglycaemic individuals—a Swedish population-based study

Variable

n

OR

95% C.I

ORa

95% C.Ia

n

OR

95% C.I

ORa

95% C.Ia

n

OR

95% C.I

ORa

95% C.a

 

CACS

Carotid artery plaque

ABI  < 0.9

Model I Independent: Glycaemic status (ref normoglycemia)

27.916

    

28.802

    

24.775

    

Known diabetes

 

2.65

2.38–2.96

2.53

2.27–2.84

 

1.49

1.34–1.65

1.37

1.23–1.53

 

10.40

4.30–25.15

10.05

4.06–24.85

Previously undetected diabetes

 

1.70

1.47–1.96

1.68

1.45–1.93

 

1.16

1.01–1.33

1.14

0.99–1.31

 

7.42

3.27–16.86

7.02

3.06–16.12

Prediabetes

 

1.24

1.16–1.33

1.23

1.15–1.31

 

1.06

1.00–1.13

1.05

0.99–1.12

 

2.85

1.30–6.27

2.70

1.22–5.99

Model II Independent: HbA1c

27.796

    

28.680

    

25.550

    

HbA1cb

 

1.04

1.03–1.04

1.04

1.03–1.04

 

1.02

1.02–1.02

1.02

1.01–1.02

 

1.05

1.04–1.07

1.05

1.03–1.07

Model III Independent: Diabetes duration (years)

1.103

    

1.176

    

1.044

    

Diabetes duration

 

1.03

1.02–1.04

1.03

1.02–1.04

 

1.01

1.00–1.02

1.01

1.00–1.03

 

0.98

0.91–1.05

0.97

0.89–1.07

  1. Bold values are statistically significant
  2. Associations between CACS, Carotid artery plaque and ABI, and glycaemic status (four categories), HbA1c and diabetes duration, respectively. CACS was categorized into four groups (0, 1–99. 100–399, ≥ 400). Carotid artery plaque was categorized into three groups (no plaque, one vessel, both vessels). Ankle-brachial index was categorized into ABI < 0.9 vs ≥ 0.9. All regression models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking and site
  3. aSensitivity analysis where individuals with previous MI, CABG, PCI were excluded (n = 693)
  4. bHbA1c regardless of glycaemic status. All significant p-values remained statistically significant (sensitivity analyses excluded) after controlling for the False Discovery Rate as described by Benjamini and Hochberg
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840