The role of empagliflozin-induced metabolic changes for cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized cross-over magnetic resonance imaging study with insulin as comparator

Table 4 Exploratory outcomes

	PE	E	ΔE	PI	I	ΔI	ΔT
MR day 1
Central blood volume (L)	1077 ± 58	1026 ± 74	−45 ± 67	1132 ± 67	1094 ± 57	−29 ± 43	−61 ± 60
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (mL)	163 ± 10	160 ± 11	−4 ± 6	166 ± 10	164 ± 10	−3 ± 3	−4 ± 5
Cardiac output Stress (L/min)	6.52 ± 0.38	6.23 ± 0.29	−0.48 ± 0.24	6.24 ± 0.33	6.68 ± 0.29	0.30 ± 0.21	−0.51 ± 0.23*
LV myocardial mass (g/m²)	65 ± 4	66 ± 4	0 ± 2	65 ± 4	65 ± 4	0 ± 2	0 ± 1
Pro-ANP (pmol/L)	405 ± 67	340 ± 54	−65 ± 26*	419 ± 65	427 ± 68	8 ± 23	−86 ± 27**
24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Systolic BP (mmHg)	130.2 ± 2.8	130.1 ± 1.5	0.9 ± 2.7	130.9 ± 3.6	134.9 ± 3.1	3.9 ± 3.4	−4.7 ± 3.2
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	76.9 ± 1.8	77.41 ± 1.7	1.8 ± 1.4	78.4 ± 2.5	79.2 ± 1.9	1.0 ± 2.3	−0.9 ± 1.6
24-h pulse pressure product (mmHg x min⁻¹)	9679 ± 341	10,032 ± 354	402 ± 235	9810 ± 414	10149 ± 433	482 ± 277	−223 ± 305
Metabolic study day
VO₂max (ml/kg)	14 ± 0.7	14 ± 0.7	0.1 ± 0.5	16 ± 1	14 ± 0.7	−1.7 ± 0.4†	0.0 ± 0.7
Glucagon (pmol/L)	18 ± 1	19 ± 1	0 ± 1	19 ± 1	19 ± 1	1 ± 1	0 ± 1

Data are presented as Mean ± SEM
PE Pre-Empagliflozin, E Empagliflozin, PI Pre-Insulin, I Insulin, ΔE E-PE, ΔI I-PI, ΔT E-I
^*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. †p < 0.05 vs ΔE

ISSN: 1475-2840