Roles of gut microbiota in atrial fibrillation: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis and genetic data from over 430,000 cohort study participants

Table 1 Mendelian Randomization analysis of gut microbiota on atrial fibrillation

Gut microbial taxa	Methods	N SNPs	OR	95% CI	P value	FDR adjusted P value	Pp	Ph
s. Eubacterium ramulus	Inverse variance weighted	10	1.08	1.04–1.12	0.0001	0.023		0.544
	MR Egger	10	0.91	0.75–1.10	0.360		0.111	0.790
	MR-PRESSO	10	1.08	1.04–1.12	0.003			0.589
	Weighted median	10	1.07	1.02–1.13	0.008
	Simple mode	10	1.07	0.98–1.17	0.166
	Weighted mode	10	1.07	0.98–1.17	0.160
g. Holdemania	Inverse variance weighted	2	1.15	1.07–1.25	0.0004	0.042		0.763

Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P values were calculated for the respective method of MR analysis. The heterogeneity test in the Inverse variance weighted methods was performed using Cochran’s Q statistic and the global test for the MR-PRESSO method. The prefixes g. and s. in the taxa column indicated genus and species, respectively. SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism. N SNPs: number of SNPs used for the estimation of the causal effects. Pp, the P value for the intercept of MR-Egger regression. Ph, the P value for the Heterogeneity test. As genus Holdemania only have two instrumental SNPs, the analysis was performed only using the Inverse variance weighted method

ISSN: 1475-2840