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Table 3 Intergroup comparison for T2D patients according to the presence of CVD.

From: Cardioprotective function of sclerostin by reducing calcium deposition, proliferation, and apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells

 

T2D without CVD

T2D with CVD

p

Men/women (n)

41/50

37/11

< 0.001*

Age (years)

65 ± 8

67 ± 7

0.040 *

Clinical Evaluation

   

Body weight (kg)

86.51 ± 14.05

85.70 ± 15.18

0.377

Height (cm)

164 ± 0.09

166 ± 0.09

0.132

BMI (kg/m2)

32.14 ± 4.67

31.11 ± 4.49

0.107

Waist circumference (cm)

106.32 ± 11.08

105.03 ± 10.24

0.268

Diabetes duration (years)

13.43 ± 8.57

17.17 ± 9.99

0.011*

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

135.16 ± 18.14

134.79 ± 16.39

0.454

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81.25 ± 9.00

75.60 ± 12.04

0.003*

Hypertension (%)

80.2

95.8

0.013*

Dyslipidemia (%)

83.5

97.9

0.011*

Coronary heart disease (%)

 

56.3

< 0.001*

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

 

27.1

< 0.001*

Peripheral artery disease (%)

 

35.4

< 0.001*

Nephropathy (%)

13.2

25

0.080

Smoker or ex-smoker (%)

40

54.2

0.111

Alcohol consumption (%)

14.4

18.4

0.510

Sedentarism (%)

13

21.1

0.263

Fractures (%)

12.2

16.7

0.470

Osteopenia (%)

42.1

40.9

0.898

Osteoporosis (%)

10.5

6.8

0.498

Current Medication Use

   

Insulin (%)

67

79.2

0.133

Oral antidiabetic drugs (%)

33

20.8

0.133

Biochemical Measurements

   

FPG (mg/dL)

145.99 ± 48.68

152.88 ± 56.88

0.228

HbA1c (%)

7.79 ± 1.26

7.89 ± 1.60

0.340

TG (mg/dL)

139 (107–205)

142.5 (91.5–183)

0.232

HDL-c (mg/dL)

45 (39–52)

41 (35.50–48)

0.012*

LDL-c (mg/dL)

91 (67–126)

75 (51–103)

0.004*

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

89.70 (75.90–99.50)

80.90(62.30-93.35)

0.016*

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.8 (9.5–9.9)

9.6 (9.35–9.8)

0.010*

Phosphorous (mg/dL)

3.3 (3-3.7)

3.3 (2.9–3.6)

0.398

25(OH)D (ng/mL)

20.82 ± 8.22

20.55 ± 9.19

0.431

P1NP (ng/mL)

38.19 ± 15.57

35.15 ± 13.58

0.138

ALP (µg/L)

16.60 (13.50–22.50)

16.65 (12.10–19.30)

0.424

CTX (ng/mL)

1.69 (1.10–2.50)

1.35 (0.83–2.21)

0.218

iPTH (pg/mL)

45.95 (32.5–56.5)

47.95 (29.4–65.6)

0.970

OC (ng/mL)

11.24 ± 5.97

10.04 ± 4.72

0.255

Periostin (pmol/L)

1101.79 (853.41-1407.14)

1368.30 (1078.22-1734.54)

0.002*

Sclerostin (pmol/L)

36.64 (26.02–47.05)

45.99 (35.24–62.13)

< 0.001*

  1. T2D, type 2 diabetes; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; P1NP, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CTX, carboxy-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen; iPTH, intact parathormone; OC, osteocalcin. Data for continuous and normally distributed variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Data for continuous variables not normally distributed, are presented as median followed by interquartile range in brackets. Data for categorical variables are presented as percentages. Student´s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons of continuous and normally or not normally distributed variables, respectively, between groups. χ2 test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. * = p < 0.05 between groups
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840