Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the tertiles of the TyG index

TyG index

8.25 ± 0.27

8.82 ± 0.15

9.59 ± 0.41

< 0.001

General conditions

Age(years)

66.46 ± 11.11

65.08 ± 9.68

61.95 ± 9.81

0.004

Male, n (%)

89(80.9)

74(66.7)

80(72.7)

0.056

BMI (kg/m2)

23.86 ± 3.43

24.35 ± 2.91

24.82 ± 2.52

0.059

LVEF (%)

55.40 ± 8.36

56.58 ± 8.29

56.68 ± 7.02

0.412

Risk factors, n (%)

Current smoking

53(48.2)

55(49.5)

41(37.3)

0.133

Current drinking

36(32.7)

32(28.8)

32(29.1)

0.780

FH-CAD

4(3.6)

6(5.4)

4(3.6)

0.760

DM

19(17.3)

26(23.4)

60(54.5)

< 0.001

Hypertension

60(54.5)

77(69.4)

76(69.1)

0.032

Hyperlipidemia

44(40.0)

57(51.4)

88(80.0)

< 0.001

Prior stroke

29(26.4)

22(19.8)

27(24.5)

0.496

Prior PCI

28(25.5)

16(14.4)

16(14.5)

0.051

Prior MI

37(33.6)

31(27.9)

23(20.9)

0.106

Prior CABG

1(0.9)

2(1.8)

2(1.8)

0.804

Laboratory test

FPG (mmol/L)

5.36 ± 0.95

5.95 ± 1.40

8.68 ± 4.26

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

0.95 ± 0.23

1.47 ± 0.31

2.50 ± 1.22

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

3.84 ± 1.11

4.11 ± 1.29

4.47 ± 1.24

0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.38 ± 1.01

2.53 ± 1.11

2.58 ± 1.15

0.368

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.10 ± 0.27

1.05 ± 0.28

0.96 ± 0.22

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

88.73 ± 22.21

90.33 ± 20.69

94.74 ± 20.75

0.100

UA (µmol/L)

350.87 ± 96.65

371.91 ± 106.21

343.39 ± 85.76

0.078

Cardiovascular medications, n (%)

Aspirin

110(100.0)

108(97.3)

108(98.2)

0.118

Clopidogrel

84(76.4)

96(86.5)

88(80.0)

0.152

Ticagrelo

24(21.8)

14(12.6)

19(17.3)

0.194

Stains

109(99.1)

107(96.4)

110(100.0)

0.049

fibrates

7(6.4)

11(9.9)

17(15.5)

0.087

Beta-blockers

69(62.7)

74(66.7)

74(67.3)

0.743

CCB

26(23.6)

29(26.1)

27(24.5)

0.910

ACEI/ARB

51(46.4)

48(43.2)

47(42.7)

0.841

Hypoglycemic drugs

19(17.3)

26(23.4)

60(54.5)

< 0.001

Characteristics of CTO lesion

Multiple CTO lesions

18(16.4)

6(5.4)

16(14.5)

0.028

Location of CTO lesions

LAD

49(44.5)

46(41.4)

37(33.6)

0.235

LCX

24(21.8)

20(18.0)

37(33.6)

0.019

RCA

57(51.8)

54(48.6)

57(51.8)

0.862

Multivessel disease

92(83.6)

92(82.9)

93(84.5)

0945

SYNTAX score

20.27 ± 8.50

20.16 ± 7.21

20.17 ± 6.92

0.992

Poor CCC

59(53.6)

57(51.4)

60(54.5)

0.887

J-CTO score

0.75 ± 0.99

0.70 ± 0.82

0.78 ± 0.87

0.800

Treatment characteristics

Number of stents for CTO-PCI

1

45(40.9)

42(37.8)

47(42.7)

0.756

2

34(30.9)

49(44.1)

37(33.6)

0.097

≥ 3

30(27.3)

20 (18.0)

26(23.6)

0.257

Stent number

1.97 ± 1.10

1.92 ± 1.00

1.95 ± 1.10

0.930

Stent length (mm)

51.61 ± 32.28

49.23 ± 28.74

51.34 ± 33.95

0.829

Average diameter

2.87 ± 0.48

2.88 ± 0.33

2.88 ± 0.36

0.984

Outcomes, n (%)

MACCE

9(8.2)

17(15.3)

27(24.5)

0.004

All-cause death

2(1.8)

6(5.4)

9(8.2)

0.100

Cardiovascular death

1(0.9)

2(1.8)

5(4.5)

0.195

MI

2(1.8)

2(1.8)

1(0.9)

0.804

TVR

4(3.6)

5(4.5)

11(10.0)

0.099

TLR

3(2.7)

5(4.5)

10(9.1)

0.100

Revascularization

6(5.5)

8(7.2)

14(12.7)

0.129

Stroke

1(0.9)

4(3.6)

6(5.5)

0.127