Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of AS patients
From: Influence of diabetes mellitus on the pathological profile of aortic stenosis: a sex-based approach
Variables | Total | Total | p value | Men | p value | Women | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-diabetic | Diabetic | Non-Diabetic | Diabetic | Non-Diabetic | Diabetic | |||||
n (%) | 283 (100) | 205 (72.4) | 78 (27.6) | 119 (42.1) | 49 (17.3) | 86 (30.4) | 29 (10.2) | |||
Age, years | 71.5 [67–77] | 73 [66–78] | 71 [67–77] | 0.354 | 71 [65–77] | 69 [63–74] | 0.203 | 75 [67–79] | 74.5 [71–78] | 0.940 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.4 [25.9–32.8] | 27.9 [25-31.4] | 30.5 [27.4–33.4] | < 0.001 | 28.1 [25.7–31.6] | 29.8 [27.6–32.7] | < 0.05 | 27.2 [24.6–31.3] | 32.0 [27.1–36.1] | < 0.01 |
HTA, n (%) | 186 (65.7) | 123 (60) | 63 (80.8) | < 0.01 | 76 (63.9) | 39 (79.6) | < 0.0001 | 47 (54.7) | 24 (82.8) | < 0.01 |
HCL, n (%) | 77 (27.2) | 69 (33.7) | 8 (10.3) | < 0.0001 | 35 (29.4) | 1 (2.04) | < 0.0001 | 34 (39.5) | 7 (24.1) | 0.179 |
Renal insufficiency, n (%) | 18 (6.4) | 7 (3.41) | 11 (14.1) | < 0.01 | 2 (1.7) | 7 (14.3) | < 0.01 | 5 (5.8) | 4 (13.8) | 0.227 |
Drug medicines | ||||||||||
ACEi, n (%) | 67 (23.7) | 45 (22) | 22 (28.2) | 0.277 | 26 (21.8) | 13 (26.5) | 0.549 | 19 (22.1) | 9 (31) | 0.330 |
ARB, n (%) | 67 (23.7) | 43 (21) | 24 (30.8) | 0.088 | 31 (26.1) | 14 (28.6) | 0.848 | 12 (14) | 10 (34.5) | < 0.05 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 145 (51.2) | 100 (48.8) | 45 (57.7) | 0.187 | 56 (47.1) | 26 (53.1) | 0.502 | 44 (51.2) | 19 (65.5) | 0.202 |
β-blockers, n (%) | 82 (29) | 55 (26.8) | 27 (34.6) | 0.241 | 36 (30.3) | 17 (34.7) | 0.588 | 19 (22.1) | 10 (34.5) | 0.219 |
Statins, n (%) | 174 (61.5) | 118 (57.6) | 56 (71.8) | < 0.05 | 78 (65.5) | 42 (85.7) | < 0.01 | 40 (46.5) | 14 (48.3) | > 0.999 |
Insulin, n (%) | 17 (6) | 0 (0) | 17 (21.8) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 10 (20.4) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 7 (24.1) | < 0.0001 |
Metformin, n (%) | 50 (17.7) | 0 (0) | 50 (64.1) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 33 (67.3) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 17 (58.6) | < 0.0001 |
Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 10 (12.8) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 3 (6.12) | < 0.05 | 0 (0) | 7 (24.1) | < 0.0001 |
DPP-4 inhibitors, n (%) | 10 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 10 (12.8) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 8 (16.3) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0) | 2 (6.9) | 0.062 |
SGLT-2 inhibitors, n (%) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.8) | < 0.05 | 0 (0) | 2 (4.1) | 0.084 | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.252 |
Echocardiographic data | ||||||||||
Maximal gradient, mmHg | 73 [66–89] | 76 [65-90.3] | 73 [66-87.5] | 0.315 | 74 [64.5–89.5] | 71 [63.8–87] | 0.210 | 79 [64.5–92.5] | 76 [69–93] | 0.948 |
Medium gradient, mmHg | 47 [41-56.8] | 48 [41–58] | 47.5 [41-56.3] | 0.754 | 47 [41–56] | 46 [41–55] | 0.920 | 50 [41.1–59] | 49 [41–60] | 0.823 |
Valvular area echocardiography, cm2 | 0.79 [0.7–0.9] | 0.7 [0.6–0.9] | 0.77 [0.66–0.8] | 0.480 | 0.8 [0.7–0.9] | 0.8 [0.7–0.8] | 0.338 | 0.63 [0.58–0.79] | 0.76 [0.6–0.8] | 0.059 |
End-systolic volumen, cc | 44 [27.8–59.3] | 38 [23–55] | 44 [23–64] | 0.128 | 41 [27–54] | 56 [41–70] | < 0.05 | 32 [18–58] | 35 [20–52] | 0.933 |
EF, % | 67 [57.8–75.3] | 66 [60-74.3] | 64 [55–70] | 0.054 | 67 [60–74] | 58 [51–68] | < 0.001 | 65 [58–75] | 67.5 [62–77] | 0.187 |
Biochemical data | ||||||||||
Glucose, mg/dL | 110 [96–130] | 98 [91–107] | 128 [110-159.5] | < 0.0001 | 97.5 [90.8–109] | 125 [110–155] | < 0.0001 | 98 [91–106] | 132 [109.3-172.3] | < 0.0001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 78 [64–89] | 76.9 [64.2–85] | 76.5 [57.3–88.6] | 0.858 | 79.8 [66.5–89] | 82.9 [66.3–89.8] | 0.798 | 72 [61–79] | 71 [54-83.3] | 0.798 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89 [0.79–1.08] | 0.85 [0.75–0.99] | 0.89 [0.8–1.1] | 0.304 | 0.92 [0.82–1.08] | 0.89 [0.80–1.11] | 0.849 | 0.77 [0.71–0.86] | 0.81 [0.71–0.97] | 0.213 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 164 [138–198] | 184.5 [157-210.3] | 150 [127.5–177] | < 0.0001 | 173 [148.5-202.3] | 142.5 [116.8-166.5] | < 0.0001 | 190 [171.3–221] | 171.5 [141.5–201] | < 0.05 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 98.5 [75-133.8] | 91 [71.5–118] | 109 [83.4-141.8] | < 0.01 | 88 [69–117] | 104.5 [76-143.3] | 0.066 | 94 [77.3–119] | 123.5 [93-141.3] | < 0.05 |
HDL, mg/dL | 43 [35.8–53] | 48 [39-58.5] | 37 [32-44.3] | < 0.0001 | 46 [39–55] | 37 [32-44.3] | < 0.0001 | 51 [40–63] | 44 [36.8–51.3] | < 0.05 |
LDL, mg/dL | 99 [74.5-122.5] | 113 [92.5–135] | 88.5 [68.8-108.8] | < 0.0001 | 105 [84.8-130.3] | 77 [62.3-103.5] | < 0.0001 | 119.5 [104.3-141.3] | 100 [75-121.5] | < 0.05 |
Adiponectin, ng/mL | 27 [14-44.5] | 29 [16.5–48] | 24 [8-35.8] | < 0.05 | 22 [14–34] | 19 [7–33] | 0.631 | 39 [23–58] | 32.5 [11.5–56.8] | < 0.05 |
Leptin, ng/mL | 2.54 [1.42–4.7] | 2.46 [1.28–4.23] | 3.34 [1.75–6.52] | < 0.01 | 1.65 [1.08–2.85] | 2.14 [1.37–3.34] | 0.589 | 4.61 [3.05–7.45] | 7.26 [5.46–9.38] | 0.151 |
FABP4, ng/mL | 49.95 [34.7–74.7] | 43.5 [33.6–64.7] | 73.9 [48.7-112.3] | < 0.0001 | 39 [31-49.5] | 66.5 [47.8–90.5] | < 0.0001 | 63.5 [40.8–82.3] | 90 [45-130.3] | 0.105 |