Fig. 5
From: Influence of diabetes mellitus on the pathological profile of aortic stenosis: a sex-based approach
Sex differences in metabolic markers in non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients. Adiponectin, leptin and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio of protein levels in tissue homogenates from AVs of AS patients according only to the presence of diabetes (A-C) or to the presence of diabetes and sex (D-F) measured by ELISA. Representative microphotographs of AV sections from non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients immunostained for IGFBP2 (upper row) and FABP4 (lower row) according to sex (G). Adiponectin (H) and leptin (I) baseline protein levels in VICs derived from AVs of male and female non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients measured by ELISA. IGFBP, insulin like growth factor binding protein; FABP, fatty-acid binding protein. N = 192 AVs analyzed by ELISA. In vitro experiments were performed in VICs derived from 3–4 donors per sex and condition with 6 technical replicates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001