Fig. 4
From: Influence of diabetes mellitus on the pathological profile of aortic stenosis: a sex-based approach
Sex differences in calcification markers in non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients. Biglycan, BMP-2 and OCN protein levels in tissue homogenates from AVs of AS patients according only to the presence of diabetes (A-C) or to the presence of diabetes and sex (D-F) measured by western blot or ELISA. Representative microphotographs of AV sections from non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients immunostained for OPN (upper row) and Runx2 (lower row) according to sex (G). BMP-2 (H) and OCN (I) baseline protein levels in VICs derived from AVs of male and female non-diabetic and diabetic AS patients measured by ELISA. BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; OCN, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin. Protein expression measured by western blot was normalized to β-actin and stain free protein. Different sample sizes were assayed depending on the analytical methods used. N = 179–201 AVs for ELISA and N = 44 AVs for western blot. In vitro experiments were performed in VICs derived from 3–4 donors per sex and condition with 6 technical replicates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.001