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Table 1 Characteristics of participants with diabetes (n = 985) according to quintiles of eGFR slopes at index date*

From: Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate slope and cardiovascular disease among individuals with and without diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Characteristics

Quintile 1

(n = 197)

Quintile 2

(n = 197)

Quintile 3

(n = 197)

Quintile 4

(n = 197)

Quintile 5

(n = 197)

P Value

P trend

Slope range (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year)

(-1.06, -0.75)

(-0.75, -0.67)

(-0.67, -0.61)

(-0.61, -0.52)

(-0.52, -0.17)

  

Slop, mean (SD)

-0.82 (0.06)

-0.70 (0.02)

-0.63 (0.02)

-0.56 (0.02)

-0.43 (0.07)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Age, mean (SD)

37.7 (9.1)

44.3 (8.8)

48.9 (9.2)

53.1 (8.8)

57.2 (8.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Female sex, n (%)

130 (66.0)

147 (74.6)

144 (73.1)

118 (59.9)

58 (29.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Educational level, n (%)

       

 < 6 years

48 (24.4)

79 (40.1)

107 (54.3)

114 (57.9)

110 (55.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 6–12 years

117 (59.4)

102 (51.8)

72 (36.5)

70 (35.5)

65 (33.0)

< 0.001

 > 12 years

32 (16.2)

16 (8.1)

18 (9.1)

13 (6.6)

22 (11.2)

0.089

Marital status, n (%)

       

 Single

4 (2.0)

4 (2.0)

4 (2.0)

3 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

0.001

0.105

 Married

178 (90.4)

167 (84.8)

150 (76.1)

148 (75.1)

165 (83.8)

0.009

 Widowed/Divorced

15 (7.6)

26 (13.2)

43 (21.8)

46 (23.4)

32 (16.2)

0.001

Smoking status, n (%)

       

 Never smoker

150 (76.1)

156 (79.2)

162 (82.2)

150 (76.1)

137 (69.5)

0.001

0.089

 Past smoker

15 (7.6)

10 (5.1)

12 (6.1)

26 (13.2)

33 (16.8)

< 0.001

 Current smoker

32 (16.2)

31 (15.7)

23 (11.7)

21 (10.7)

27 (13.7)

0.189

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

30.9 (6.1)

30.2 (5.3)

31.2 (5.6)

29.8 (4.7)

28.5 (4.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD)

120.1 (18.6)

126.5 (20.5)

128.5 (21.31)

132.4 (19.3)

134.2 (19.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD)

80.5 (10.4)

81.4 (10.7)

80.3 (12.0)

81.1 (11.1)

80.8 (10.7)

0.891

0.932

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L), median (IQR)

7.8 (3.1)

8.1 (3.63)

8.2 (3.5)

8.2 (4.2)

7.6 (2.7)

0.029

0.376

Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)

1.8 (1.5)

1.8 (1.4)

1.9 (1.3)

1.9 (1.1)

1.6 (1.0)

0.012

0.004

Total cholesterol (mmol/L), median (IQR)

5.0 (1.3)

5.3 (1.6)

5.2 (1.2)

4.9 (1.3)

5.0 (1.5)

0.006

0.114

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2), mean (SD)

83.6 (13.1)

74.6 (11.3)

69.4 (11.2)

66.6 (11.4)

61.6 (11.8)

< 0.001

0.114

Family history of CVD, (yes), n (%)

18 (9.1)

9 (4.6)

12 (6.1)

6 (3.0)

9 (4.6)

0.088

0.039

Hypertension, (yes), n (%)

129 (65.5)

139 (70.6)

141 (71.6)

157 (79.7)

160 (81.2)

0.001

< 0.001

Glucose lowering drugs (yes), n (%)

106 (53.8)

106 (53.8)

112 (56.9)

109 (55.3)

115 (58.4)

0.094

0.341

RAAS-I drugs, (yes), n (%)

17 (8.6)

22 (11.2)

40 (20.3)

32 (16.2)

47 (23.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

History of laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy†, (yes), n (%)

14 (7.1)

22 (11.2)

22 (11.2)

25 (12.7)

21 (10.7)

0.464

0.213

  1. *The characteristics were measured at the index date (Phase 4).
  2. †Diabetic retinopathy defined as a positive history of severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy during the exposure period.
  3. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure;
  4. CVD: cardiovascular disease; IQR: interquartile range; RAAS-I: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840