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Table 1 Characteristics of subjects by TyG index quartiles in 2020

From: Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and frailty in urban older residents: evidence from the 10-year follow-up in a cohort study

Variables

Total

N = 1866

 

TyG index

 

P for trend

Q1 (≤ 8.54)

N = 472

Q2 (8.54–8.88) N = 455

Q3 (8.88–9.24) N = 483

Quartile 4 (≥ 9.24)

N = 456

General Characteristics

    

Age (year, ‾x ± s)

71.7 ± 6.5

71.8 ± 6.4

71.5 ± 6.4

71.6 ± 6.4

72.1 ± 6.7

0.51

Female (N, %)

1111 (59.5%)

263 (55.7%)

279 (61.3%)

295 (61.1%)

274 (60.1%)

0.26

Living alone (N, %)

167 (9.0%)

32 (6.8%)

43 (9.5%)

43 (8.9%)

49 (10.7%)

0.20

Low education (N, %)

363 (19.5%)

87 (18.4%)

83 (18.2%)

90 (18.6%)

103 (22.6%)

0.28

Low income (N, %)

662 (35.7%)

187 (40.0%)

161 (35.5%)

165 (34.3%)

149 (32.7%)

0.11

Nutrition & life style

    

Smoking (N, %)

302 (16.2%)

74 (15.7%)

67 (14.7%)

90 (18.6%)

71 (15.6%)

0.38

Drinking (N, %)

275 (14.7%)

66 (14.0%)

78 (17.1%)

64 (13.3%)

67 (14.7%)

0.37

MNA-SF score

13 (12, 14)

12 (11, 14)

13 (12, 14)

13 (12, 14)

13 (12, 14)

< 0.001

Regular exercise (N, %)

477 (25.6%)

111 (23.5%)

115 (25.3%)

127 (26.3%)

124 (27.2%)

0.61

Medical condition

Hypertension (N, %)

1167 (62.5%)

235 (49.8%)

275 (60.4%)

321 (66.5%)

336 (73.7%)

< 0.001

Diabetes (N, %)

604 (32.4%)

87 (18.4%)

133 (29.2%)

151 (31.3%)

233 (51.1%)

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia (N, %)

586 (31.4%)

88 (18.6%)

136 (29.9%)

166 (34.4%)

196 (43.0%)

< 0.001

CCD (N, %)

76 (4.1%)

19 (4.0%)

16 (3.5%)

20 (4.1%)

21 (4.6%)

0.87

Comorbidity (N, %)

635 (34.0%)

113 (23.9%)

148 (32.5%)

173 (35.8%)

201 (44.1%)

< 0.001

Polypharmacy (N, %)

520 (27.9%)

89 (18.9%)

122 (26.8%)

146 (30.2%)

163 (35.7%)

< 0.001

Cognitive impairment (N, %)

287 (15.4%)

60 (12.7%)

80 (17.6%)

72 (14.9%)

75 (16.4%)

0.19

Frailty index (median, IQR)

0.13 (0.09, 0.19)

0.13 (0.08, 0.18)

0.13 (0.09, 0.18)

0.13 (0.09, 0.19)

0.14 (0.10, 0.20)

< 0.001

Physical Exam & Laboratory data

    

TUG (seconds)

10.2 (9.1, 11.7)

10.2 (9.0, 11.5)

10.1 (9.1, 11.7)

10.1 (9.1, 11.6)

0.4 (9.28, 12.0)

0.13

Low grip strength (N, %)

682 (33.9%)

178 (37.7%)

137 (30.1%)

155 (32.1%)

162 (35.5%)

0.065

Slow gait speed (N, %)

207 (11.1)

41 (8.7%)

60 (13.2%)

49 (10.1%)

57 (12.5%)

0.10

SBP (mmHg)

137 (126, 149)

132 (121, 144)

136 (126, 148)

138 (129, 149)

141 (130, 154)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

81 (74, 88)

79 (71, 86)

81 (74, 88)

81 (76, 88)

82 (75, 89)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.6 (22.6, 26.5)

23.4 (21.2, 25.5)

24.5 (22.6, 26.2)

24.9 (23.1, 26.9)

25.3 (23.6, 27.2)

< 0.001

WC (cm)

85.5 ± 8.7

82.2 ± 9.0

85.0 ± 8.5

86.7 ± 7.9

88.1 ± 8.5

< 0.001

Albumin (g/L)

37.1 ± 8.4

36.0 ± 8.4

36.8 ± 8.6

38.2 ± 8.0

37.3 ± 8.5

< 0.001

Creatinine (µmol/L)

65 (54, 79)

66 (55, 78)

64 (54, 78)

65 (54, 80)

66.5 (53.5, 80)

0.63

Uric acid (µmol/L)

365 (311, 426)

341.5 (290, 400.5)

359 (305, 423)

371 (315, 428)

393 (338, 452.5)

< 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

1.1 (1.0, 1.3)

1.1 (0.9, 1.2)

< 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.7 (2.1, 3.4)

2.5 (1.8, 3.1)

2.8 (2.1, 3.4)

2.9 (2.2, 3.6)

2.9 (2.1, 3.5)

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

5.3 (4.5, 6.1)

5.1 (4.3, 5.7)

5.24 (4.5, 6.0)

5.5 (4.7, 6.2)

5.4 (4.6, 6.4)

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

1.4 (1.1, 2.0)

0.9 (0.8, 1.0)

1.3 (1.1, 1.4)

1.7 (1.5, 2.0)

2.5 (2.0, 3.2)

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.9 (5.5, 6.1)

5.5 (5.2, 5.9)

5.9 (5.4, 6.4)

6.0 (5.5, 6.8)

7.0 (6.0, 8.9)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.8 (5.3, 6.4)

5.5 (5.1, 5.9)

5.7 (5.3, 6.2)

5.8 (5.4, 6.4)

6.4 (5.7, 7.4)

< 0.001

  1. Q: quartiles, MNA-SF: mini-nutritional assessment-short form, CCD: cardiovascular and cerebral disease, TUG: timed up and go test, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, TG: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c. Low education was defined as the education level of primary school or below, low income as monthly income less than 3000 RMB, regular exercise as expenditure of physical activity per week < 383 kcal for men, < 270 kcal for women. Comorbidity was defined as the coexistence of ≥ 2 chronic conditions, polypharmacy as the use of ≥ 5 categories of medication. Cognitive impairment was defined as minicog score ≤ 2. Low grip strength and slow gait speed were defined according to Fried’s standard
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840