Table 3 Comparison of characteristic, comorbidities, transplant complications and hospital outcomes among patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) who underwent a heart transplantation in Spain from 2002 to 2021, before and after propensity score matching (PSM)

N

889

3816

NA

889

889

NA

Year 2202 − 2005, n(%)

171(20.17)

757(21.14)

0.388

171(20.17)

171(20.45)

0.362

Year 2006–2009, n(%)

181(21.34)

762(21.28)

181(21.34)

185(22.13)

Year 2010–2013, n(%)

154(18.16)

621(17.34)

154(18.16)

131(15.67)

Year 2014–2017, n(%)

156(18.4)

739(20.64)

156(18.4)

180(21.53)

Year 2018–2021, n(%)

186(21.93)

702(19.6)

186(21.93)

169(20.22)

Women, n (%)

131(14.74)

886(23.22)

< 0.001

131(14.74)

116(13.05)

0.304

Age, mean (SD)

58.91(7.02)

54.99(8.93)

< 0.001

58.91(7.02)

59.19(7.69)

0.421

35–49 years, n (%)

90(10.12)

1016(26.62)

< 0.001

90(10.12)

98(11.02)

0.601

50–59 years, n (%)

347(39.03)

1487(38.97)

347(39.03)

328(36.9)

≥ 60 years, n (%)

452(50.84)

1313(34.41)

452(50.84)

463(52.08)

CCI, mean (SD)

1.8(1)

1.63(0.89)

< 0.001

1.80(1.00)

1.75(0.99)

0.390

Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)

190(21.37)

619(16.22)

< 0.001

190(21.37)

174(19.57)

0.347

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

51(5.74)

196(5.14)

0.470

51(5.74)

47(5.29)

0.678

Dementia, n (%)

0(0)

2(0.05)

0.495

0(0)

1(0.11)

0.317

Chronic respiratory disease, n (%)

153(17.21)

648(16.98)

0.870

153(17.21)

152(17.1)

0.950

Rheumatoid disease, n (%)

3(0.34)

35(0.92)

0.082

3(0.34)

3(0.34)

1.000

Peptic ulcer, n (%)

5(0.56)

37(0.97)

0.245

5(0.56)

3(0.34)

0.479

Mild liver disease, n (%)

35(3.94)

206(5.4)

0.075

35(3.94)

34(3.82)

0.902

Hemiplegia or paraplegia, n (%)

8(0.9)

52(1.36)

0.268

8(0.9)

7(0.79)

0.795

Renal disease, n (%)

164(18.45)

390(10.22)

< 0.001

164(18.45)

141(15.86)

0.148

Cancer, n (%)

3(0.34)

20(0.52)

0.472

3(0.34)

6(0.67)

0.316

Moderate/Severe liver disease, n (%)

12(1.35)

33(0.86)

0.181

12(1.35)

11(1.24)

0.834

AIDS, n (%)

0(0)

2(0.05)

0.495

0(0)

1(0.11)

0.317

Obesity, n(%)

66(7.42)

134(3.51)

< 0.001

66(7.42)

50(5.62)

0.124

Pulmonary hypertension, n(%)

126(14.17)

516(13.52)

0.610

126(14.17)

116(13.05)

0.489

Valvular heart disease, n(%)

131(14.74)

731(19.16)

0.002

131(14.74)

117(13.16)

0.338

Dilated cardiomyopathy, n(%)

541(60.85)

2427(63.6)

0.127

541(60.85)

542(60.97)

0.961

Ischemic heart disease, n(%)

506(56.92)

1643(43.06)

< 0.001

506(56.92)

531(59.73)

0.229

Congenital heart disease, n(%)

10(1.12)

123(3.22)

0.001

10(1.12)

11(1.24)

0.826

Complications of HT, n(%)

268(30.15)

1293(33.88)

0.033

268(30.15)

301(33.86)

0.093

Pneumonia, n (%)

27(3.04)

256(6.71)

< 0.001

27(3.04)

62(6.97)

< 0.001

Staphylococcus bacteremia, n (%)

41(4.61)

259(6.79)

0.017

41(4.61)

58(6.52)

0.079

Streptococcus bacteremia, n (%)

5(0.56)

15(0.39)

0.485

5(0.56)

3(0.34)

0.479

Gram-negative bacteremia, n (%)

48(5.4)

308(8.07)

0.007

48(5.4)

70(7.87)

0.036

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n (%)

31(3.49)

132(3.46)

0.967

31(3.49)

31(3.49)

1.000

Cytomegalovirus infection, n (%)

20(2.25)

161(4.22)

0.006

20(2.25)

26(2.92)

0.370

Hemodialysis, n (%)

84(9.45)

564(14.78)

< 0.001

84(9.45)

122(13.72)

0.005

ECMO, n (%)

57(6.41)

364(9.54)

0.003

57(6.41)

89(10.01)

0.006

Tracheostomy, n (%)

39(4.39)

315(8.25)

< 0.001

39(4.39)

62(6.97)

< 0.001

LOHS, median (IQR)

23(24)

28(36)

< 0.001

23(24)

28(36)

< 0.001

IHM, n(%)

109(12.26)

693(18.16)

< 0.001

109(12.26)

163(18.34)

0.018

Urgent hospital admission n(%)

542(60.97)

1944(50.94)

< 0.001

542(60.97)

456(51.29)

< 0.001