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Fig. 3 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 3

From: Chronic kidney outcomes associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus long-acting insulins among type 2 diabetes patients requiring intensive glycemic control: a nationwide cohort study

Fig. 3Fig. 3

Forest plot for subgroup analysis results on (a) composite renal outcomes, (b) renal insufficiency (i.e., eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2), (c) dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease, and (d) renal death. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease, SDHRs subdistribution hazard ratios, MPR medication possession ratio, GLAs glucose-lowering agents, RAAS renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, GLP-1RAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, LAIs long-acting insulins. *Bold p values for interaction tests indicate that treatment effect of GLP-1RAs versus LAIs on study outcome was significantly modified by given baseline characteristics. †Renal insufficiency referred to eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and was determined by the stable use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) (i.e., at least two prescriptions of darbepoetin alfa or methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, or four prescriptions of erythropoietin within three months), given that the reimbursement policy of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program restricts the use of ESAs only to patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. This operational definition was also confirmed with clinical nephrologists

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840