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Table 4 Association of DPN and first-pass perfusion with LV GLS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

From: Subclinical left ventricular deformation and microvascular dysfunction in T2DM patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: assessed by 3.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

 

Univariable

Multivariable

Multivariable

r

p

βa

p

βb

p

DPN

1.32

0.004

1.113

0.010

1.057

0.020

Retinopathy

1.496

0.015

0.088

0.235

0.077

0.299

CKD

1.818

0.001

1.223

0.032

1.539

0.009

Dyslipidemia

− 0.18

0.671

    

Age (years)

− 0.01

0.651

    

Sex (male = 1)

1.99

< 0.001

1.646

0.001

1.798

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

0.065

0.300

    

HR (beats/min)

− 0.003

0.873

    

SBP (mmHg)

0.016

0.228

    

Smoking

1.313

0.006

0.032

0.687

0.011

0.890

LVM (g)

0.044

< 0.001

0.018

0.068

0.136

0.118

HbA1c (%)

0.12

0.321

    

Diabetic duration (long = 1)

0.05

0.187

0.091

0.196

0.113

0.116

Statin

− 0.027

0.954

    

Biguanides

0.178

0.680

    

Sulfonylureas

0.276

0.571

    

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

− 0.069

0.874

    

GLP-1/DDP-4 inhibitor

− 0.066

0.925

    

Insulin

0.340

0.450

    

ACEI/ARB

0.741

0.130

    

β-Blocker

1.552

0.030

1.324

0.045

1.527

0.025

Calcium channel blocker

− 0.172

0.716

    

Upslope

− 0.808

< 0.001

  

− 0.870

0.018

Max SI

− 0.078

0.009

  

0.095

0.066

R2

  

0.264

 

0.270

 
  1. Abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 2; long = 1 means patients with long term duration > 5 years
  2. aVariables with P < 0.1 in the univariable analysis as well as diabetic duration were included in the multivariable analysis
  3. bThe perfusion parameters upslope and max SI were added as covariates in the multivariable analysis
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840