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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Study overview. Notes: Data in the primary analysis were extracted from T1DM [18], MI [20], HF [21], AF [23], CAD [22], stroke [24], PAS and CAS [25] respectively. GWAS, genome-wide association studies; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infraction; HF, heart failure; AF; atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; PAS, peripheral atherosclerosis; CAS, coronary atherosclerosis; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms; MR, mendelian randomization; IVW, Inverse variance weighted

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840