Table 2 Outcomes in different groups/levels of the TyG index
From: Triglyceride-glucose index and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Year | Population | Outcome | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Continuous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population-based cohorts | ||||||||||
Huang et al. [14] | 2022 | Population-based cohort aged 45 to 64 years | HF | TyG < 8.2 [Ref] | 8.2 ≤ TyG < 8.6 [aHR 0.99] [95% CI 0.86 to 1.15] | 8.6 ≤ TyG < 9.0 [aHR 1.08] [95% CI 0.93 to 1.25] | TyG ≥ 9.0 [aHR 1.25] [95% CI 1.08 to 1.45]** | – | – | Per 1-SD (0.60) increase [aHR 1.15] [95% CI 1.10 to 1.21]*** |
Jung et al. [32] | 2022 | Adult cancer survivor patients | HF | TyG < 8.0 [Ref] | 8.0 ≤ TyG < 8.5 [aHR 0.95] [95% CI 0.81 to 1.11] | 8.5 ≤ TyG < 9.0 [aHR 0.94] [95% CI 0.80 to 1.10] | 9.0 ≤ TyG < 9.5 [aHR 1.06] [95% CI 0.89 to 1.26] | 9.5 ≤ TyG < 10 [aHR 0.95] [95% CI 0.75 to 1.22] | TyG ≥ 10 [aHR 1.01] [95% CI 0.67 to 1.52] | – |
Li et al. [33] | 2022 | Population-based adult cohort (Kailuan cohort) | HF | TyG ≤ 8.18 [Ref] | 8.18 < TyG ≤ 8.57 [aHR 1.00] [95% CI 0.88 to 1.12] | 8.57 < TyG ≤ 9.05 [aHR 1.12] [95% CI 1.00 to 1.26]* | TyG > 9.05 [aHR 1.23] [95% CI 1.09 to 1.39]*** | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aHR 1.17] [95% CI 1.10 to 1.24]*** |
Li et al. [33] | 2022 | Population-based adult cohort (Hong Kong cohort) | HF | TyG ≤ 6.89 [Ref] | 6.89 < TyG ≤ 7.31 [aHR 1.07] [95% CI 0.92 to 1.23] | 7.31 < TyG ≤ 7.80 [aHR 1.17] [95% CI 1.01 to 1.35]* | TyG > 7.80 [aHR 1.21] [95% CI 1.04 to 1.40]** | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aHR 1.13] [95% CI 1.05 to 1.22]** |
Li et al. [9] | 2023 | Population-based adult cohort | HF | TyG < 8.12 [Ref] | 8.12 ≤ TyG < 8.55 [aOR 0.91] [95% CI 0.52 to 1.56] | 8.55 ≤ TyG < 9.00 [aOR 1.13] [95% CI 0.71 to 1.80] | TyG ≥ 9.00 [aOR 1.45] [95% CI 0.87 to 2.41] | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aOR 1.34] [95% CI 1.02 to 1.76]* |
Muhammad et al. [36] | 2023 | Population-based cohort | HF | TyG < 4.38 | 4.38 ≤ TyG < 4.55 [aHR 1.04] [95% CI 0.91 to 1.18] | 4.55 ≤ TyG < 4.74 [aHR 1.00] [95% CI 0.88 to 1.15] | TyG ≥ 4.74 [aHR 1.12] [95% CI 0.97 to 1.29] | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aHR 1.30] [95% CI 1.08 to 1.56]** |
Si et al. [40] | 2020 | Population-based cohort aged 40 to 69 years | HF | Q1 [Ref] | Q2 [OR 1.05] [95% CI 0.93 to 1.18] | Q3 [OR 1.12] [95% CI 1.00 to 1.27] | Q4 [OR 1.11] [95% CI 0.98 to 1.25] | – | – | – |
Xu et al. [15] | 2022 | Population-based cohort | HF | TyG < 8.16 [Ref] | 8.16 ≤ TyG < 8.55 [aHR 0.95] [95% CI 0.81 to 1.10] | 8.55 ≤ TyG < 9.00 [aHR 1.01] [95% CI 0.87 to 1.18] | TyG ≥ 9.00 [aHR 1.24] [95% CI 1.07 to 1.44]* | – | – | – |
Zeng et al. [45] | 2022 | Population-based adult cohort | HF | Q1 (median 7.3) [Ref] | Q2 (median 7.7) [aHR 1.2] [95% CI 0.5 to 3.1] | Q3 (median 8.0) [aHR 1.7] [95% CI 0.7 to 4.1] | Q4 (median 8.4) [aHR 3.4] [95% CI 1.4 to 8.0]*** | – | – | – |
Type 2 diabetes | ||||||||||
Abuduaini et al. [24] | 2023 | Cardiomyopathy and T2DM | HF | TyG ≤ 7.21 [Ref] | 7.21 < TyG < 7.89 [aHR 2.66] [95% CI 1.16 to 6.07]* | TyG ≥ 7.89 [aHR 7.33] [95% CI 3.42 to 15.7]*** | – | – | – | – |
Chen et al. [26] | 2023 | Hospitalized patients with T2DM and LVEF ≥ 50% | GLS < 18% | TyG ≤ 8.89 [Ref] | 8.89 < TyG < 9.44 [aHR 1.28] [95% CI 0.30 to 5.55] | 9.44 < TyG < 9.83 [aHR 4.52] [95% CI 1.12 to 18.3]* | TyG > 9.83 [aHR 5.23] [95% CI 1.12 to 24.5]* | – | – | – |
Guo et al. [13] | 2021 | Patients with chronic HF and T2DM | CV death or HF rehospitalization | TyG < 8.55 [Ref] | 8.55 ≤ TyG < 9.06 [aHR 1.66] [95% CI 1.02 to 2.70]* | TyG ≥ 9.06 [aHR 2.46] [95% CI 1.51 to 4.01]* | – | – | – | – |
Sun et al. [41] | 2023 | Adult patients with T2DM | SLVD | – | – | – | – | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aOR 1.61] [95% CI 1.00 to 2.59]* |
Tai et al. [42] | 2022 | Patients with T2DM | Fatal or hospital HF | TyG ≤ 9.00 [Ref] | 9.00 < TyG ≤ 9.47 [aHR 1.15] [95% CI 0.91 to 1.45] | 9.47 < TyG ≤ 9.95 [aHR 1.05] [95% CI 0.91 to 1.20] | TyG > 9.95 [aHR 1.17] [95% CI 1.07 to 1.29]** | – | – | Per 1-SD increase [aHR 1.25] [95% CI 1.11 to 1.40]*** |
Coronary artery disease | ||||||||||
Huang et al. [30] | 2022 | CAD patients who underwent PCI | Worsening HF | TyG ≤ 8.51 [Ref] | 8.51 < TyG ≤ 8.98 [aHR 1.31] [95% CI 0.82 to 2.07] | TyG > 8.98 [aHR 2.44] [95% CI 1.59 to 3.72]*** |  | – | – | Per 0.1-unit increase [aHR 1.07] [95% CI 1.05 to 1.10]*** |
Mao et al. [35] | 2019 | Patients with NSTE-ACS | CHF | – | – | – | – | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aHR 0.41] [95% CI 0.08 to 2.06] |
Sun et al. [18] | 2023 | Patients with ischemic HF undergoing elective PCI | MACE | TyG < 8.54 [Ref] | 8.54 ≤ TyG < 8.93 [aHR 1.31] [95% CI 1.02 to 1.68]* | 8.93 ≤ TyG < 9.41 [aHR 1.71] [95% CI 1.34 to 2.18]*** | TyG ≥ 9.41 [aHR 1.92] [95% CI 1.48 to 2.49]*** | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aHR 1.41] [95% CI 1.22 to 1.62]*** |
Heart failure | ||||||||||
Cheng et al. [17] | 2023 | Non-diabetic patients with acute HF and without ACS | In-hospital mortality | TyG ≤ 9.44 [Ref] | TyG > 9.44 [aOR 1.89] [95% CI 1.13 to 3.47]* | – | – | – | – | – |
Han et al. [29] | 2022 | Patients with HF | In-hospital mortality | TyG < 8.25 [Ref] | 8.25 ≤ TyG < 8.78 [aOR 1.54] [95% CI 1.00 to 2.35]* | TyG ≥ 8.78 [aOR 2.08] [95% CI 1.28 to 3.35]** | – | – | – | Per 1-unit increase [aOR 1.89] [95% CI 1.42 to 2.50]*** |
Huang et al. [31] | 2022 | Patients with acute decompensated HF | All-cause mortality | TyG < 8.83 [Ref] | 8.83 ≤ TyG < 9.32 [aHR 1.07] [95% CI 0.67 to 1.74] | TyG ≥ 9.32 [aHR 2.09] [95% CI 1.23 to 3.55]** | – | – | – | – |
Shi et al. [39] | 2022 | Patients with HF | HF readmission | TyG < 7.36 [aOR 1.65] [95% CI 1.09 to 2.45]* | Q2 [Ref] | Q3 [aOR 1.18] [95% CI 0.71 to 1.80] | Q4 [aOR 1.12] [95% CI 0.72 to 1.82] | – | – | – |
Yang et al. [16] | 2021 | Hospitalized HF patients with CMR examination | Mortality or HF hospitalization | – | – | – | – | – | – | Per 1-SD increase [aHR 2.01] [95% CI 1.01 to 4.01]* |