Fig. 1
From: The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction
The sources of ROS in diabetic vascular complications. The main sources of ROS in diabetic vascular complications including Mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidase, Xanthine Oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which lead to increased generation of superoxide (O2• −). Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; ONOO−, peroxynitrite; NO•, Nitric oxide; Mito-ETC, mitochondrial electron transport chain; BH4, Tetrahydrobiopterin