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Table 2 Meta-analysis for major cardiovascular outcomes in empagliflozin and DPP-4i initiators stratified by pre-existing cardiovascular disease

From: Empagliflozin is associated with lower cardiovascular risk compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults with and without cardiovascular disease: EMPagliflozin compaRative effectIveness and SafEty (EMPRISE) study results from Europe and Asia

Outcomesa,b

With history of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Without history of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Empagliflozin

DPP-4i

Meta-analysis

Empagliflozin

DPP-4i

Meta-analysis

Events

PY

Events

PY

HR (95% CI)c

Events

PY

Events

PY

HR (95% CI)c

Hospitalization for heart failure (broad definition)d

430

6847.38

532

6594.72

0.81 (0.71–0.92)

80

16,140.31

126

15,243.11

0.61 (0.45–0.82)

Hospitalization for heart failure (specific definition)e

391

17,599.16

572

21,466.81

0.72 (0.58–0.89)f

47

15,244.29

91

18,579.66

0.61 (0.42–0.88)

Hospitalization for heart failure (broad + specific)g

663

21,025.10

920

24,749.03

0.74 (0.64–0.86)

97

30,723.15

167

33,288.62

0.62 (0.48–0.80)

Cardiovascular mortalityh

79

12,174.75

206

16,212.16

0.55 (0.38–0.80)

23

15,705.27

41

19,634.39

0.72 (0.39–1.31)

Composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular mortalityi

183

10,281.26

425

14,201.76

0.57 (0.48–0.67)

16

10,608.68

66

14,606.81

0.35 (0.20–0.60)

Myocardial infarction (MI)j

250

21,258.76

295

25,146.95

1.00 (0.84–1.19)

102

33,298.33

107

36,643.56

1.09 (0.77–1.54)

Strokek

242

21,189.34

312

25,060.14

0.79 (0.67–0.94)

134

33,801.77

168

37,039.94

0.90 (0.71–1.14)

3-point MACE (MI, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality)l

258

12,042.29

327

16,026.79

1.04 (0.83–1.31)

130

16,159.66

153

19,981.63

1.03 (0.81–1.30)

Coronary revascularization proceduresm

529

19,544.07

581

23,478.00

1.03 (0.83–1.27)f

153

28,937.27

173

32,497.05

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

  1. CI confidence interval, CPRD Clinical Practice Research Datalink, DPP-4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, HR hazard ratio, PY person-years, THIN The Health Improvement Network, UK United Kingdom
  2. aAn as-treated approach was used and 100% grace period with no risk window was applied
  3. bCountries with insufficient number of outcome events were omitted from the individual outcome meta-analysis. The number of countries included in each analysis therefore may vary
  4. cBased on random-effects model
  5. dDefined as any diagnosis of heart failure associated with hospitalizations, specialist outpatient and primary care encounters, and/or a dispensation/record of high-ceiling or loop diuretics. Includes Israel, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and UK CPRD (in with CVD)
  6. eDefined as a diagnosis of heart failure during hospitalization. Includes Denmark, Finland, Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway (in with CVD), Sweden and Taiwan (in with CVD)
  7. fThese analyses showed high level of heterogeneity I2 ≥ 50% or p < 0.1
  8. gIncludes broad definition in Japan, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and UK CPRD (in with CVD), and specific definition in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Israel, Norway (in with CVD), Sweden
  9. hIncludes Finland, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan and UK CPRD (in with CVD)
  10. iIncludes Finland, Norway, Sweden and UK CPRD (in with CVD)
  11. jIncludes Denmark, Finland, Germany (in with CVD), Israel, Japan, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK CPRD (in with CVD) and UK THIN
  12. kIncludes Denmark, Finland, Germany (in with CVD), Israel, Japan, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK CPRD and UK THIN (in without CVD)
  13. lIncludes Finland, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan and UK CPRD
  14. mIncludes Denmark, Finland, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, UK CPRD and UK THIN (in with CVD)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840