Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age, years (mean (SD))

69 (9)

N (%)

< 55 years

11 (6)

55–64 years

40 (23)

65–74 years

74 (42)

75–84 years

44 (25)

≥ 85 years

8 (4)

Sex, N (%)

Male

134 (76)

Female

43 (24)

EuroSCORE II, mean (SD)

5 (2)

Body mass index, N (%)

< 25 kg.m^− 2

57 (32)

25–30 kg.m^− 2

71 (40)

> 30 kg.m^− 2

49 (28)

Chronic comorbidities, N (%)

Hypertension

134 (76)

Dyslipidemia

99 (56)

Diabetes mellitus

59 (33)

Atrial fibrillation

30 (17)

Peripheral artery disease

70 (39)

Current smokers, N (%)

100 (57)

Fasting blood glucose in mg/dl, mean (SD)

119 (40)

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), % (mean (SD))

6.4 (1.2)

Estimated creatinine clearance, N (%)

< 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

35 (20)

60–89 mL/min/1.73 m²

89 (50)

≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m²

53 (30)

Left ventricular ejection fraction, N (%)

≤ 30%

6 (4)

31–50%

42 (25)

> 50%

119 (71)

On-pump surgery, N (%)

148 (84)

Duration of extracorporeal circulation, No (%)

< 60 min

30 (20)

60–89 min

63 (43)

≥ 90 min

55 (37)

Duration of aortic cross-clamping, in minutes (mean (SD))

72 (32)

Postoperative complications, N (%)

Any complication

85 (48)

Blood transfusion

81 (46)

Atrial fibrillation

73 (41)

Stroke

1 (1)

Acute kidney injury

24 (14)

Dialysis

4 (2)

Pneumonia

16 (9)

ICU length of stay in days (mean (SD))

5 (4)

In-hospital length of stay in days (mean (SD))

12 (8)

In-hospital death, N (%)

3 (2)