Table 2 Clinical, cardiac and microvascular function characteristics of participants diagnosed with HFpEF compared to those with no HFpEF

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

69 ± 5.8

66.3 ± 6.2

0.122

 Female, %

11 (79)

66 (47.1)

0.019

 HbA1c, %

7.9 ± 1.5

7.5 ± 1.3

0.452

 NT-proBNP pg/mL

222.0 (171.8-313.5)

54.5 (27.6-118.7)

0.018

 eGFR,, mL/min/1.73 m2

68.6 (59.8–89.9)

86.0 (72.6–97.6)

< 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

35.3 ± 6.2

29.3 ± 4.8

0.003

Echocardiography

 E’ mean, cm/s

5.5 ± 1.4

6.0 ± 1.3

0.256

 E/E’, mean

17.6 ± 7.4

11.8 ± 2.8

0.012

 LVMI, g/m2

104.5 ± 20.7

91.0 ± 21.3

0.034

 LAVI, ml/m2

37.2 ± 8.5

27.9 ± 8.3

0.001

 PASP, mmHg

36.0 ± 4.3

29.0 ± 5.6

0.004

 LV strain, %

-15.3 ± 1.3

-17.11 ± 2.2

0.001

 LA strain, %

-23.4 ± 8.0

-28.6 ± 7.0

0.063

 TAPSE, mm

24.2 ± 3.6

23.7 ± 3.4

0.651

Microvascular function, perfusion responses

 Average baseline perfusion, PU

33.8 (29.7–39.7)

33.8 (24.4–43.9)

0.968

Insulin

 Perfusion plateau, PU

57.0 (45.6–75.1)

46.0 (35.2–50.8)

0.003

 Absolute change, %

12.2 ± 20.6

30.2 ± 23.7

0.007

 Relative change, %

45.6 ± 69.2

102.6 ± 84.6

0.011

Acetylcholine

 Perfusion plateau, PU

95.3 (83.0-110.8)

86.7 (78.0-97.5)

0.152

 Absolute change, %

53.6 ± 15.5

61.7 ± 26.5

0.112

 Relative change, %

172.2 ± 89.5

196.1 ± 106.3

0.379

SNP

 Perfusion plateau, PU

88.6 (74.6-100.5)

77.8 (64.2-100.2)

0.363

 Absolute change, %

47.9 ± 23.7

51.1 ± 33.6

0.660

 Relative change, %

154.2 ± 84.3

162.2 ± 118.8

0.757