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Table 2 Estimates of cardiovascular events for the association with metabolic syndrome and its components in the Rivana cohort (n = 3,976)

From: Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort

 

Primary endpoint

Secondary endpoints

Myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality from cardiovascular disease

Myocardial infarction

Stroke

Mortality from cardiovascular disease

All-cause mortality

Cases

228

80

96

85

381

Person- years of follow up

47,838

48,215

48,227

48,629

48,629

Incidence rate/1000 person-year

4.77

1.66

1.99

1.75

7.83

 

HR (95% CI)a

RAP (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)a

RAP (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)a

RAP (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)a

RAP (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)a

RAP (95% CI)

Metabolic syndrome and its traitsb

 Metabolic syndrome

1.32 (1.01–1.74)

3.23 (0.03, 6.42)

1.15 (0.73–1.82)

2.46 (− 4.99, 9.90)

1.16 (0.76–1.76)

1.68 (− 2.64, 6.01)

1.64 (1.03–2.60)

3.73 (0.02, 7.45)

1.45 (1.17–1.80)

3.24 (1.21, 5.27)

 Elevated waist circumference

1.24 (0.87–1.77)

2.28 (− 1.76, 6.32)

1.54 (0.83–2.85)

7.29 (− 3.18, 17.76)

1.26 (0.72–2.21)

2.60 (− 3.16, 8.37)

0.90 (0.50–1.61)

− 1.00 (− 5.45, 3.44)

1.37 (1.02–1.83)

2.15 (− 0.49, 4.79)

 Elevated blood pressure

1.63 (1.12–2.35)

6.07 (1.35, 10.80)

0.95 (0.56–1.61)

-0.35 (− 8.52, 7.83)

2.16 (1.15–4.06)

8.98 (1.29, 16.67)

2.59 (1.16–5.75)

7.60 (0.68, 14.52)

1.45 (1.08–1.93)

3.21 (0.46, 5.96)

 Elevated fasting glucose

1.20 (0.91–1.57)

2.06 (− 1.06, 5.18)

0.89 (0.56–1.42)

-1.13 (− 8.20, 5.94)

1.55 (1.00–2.40)

4.85 (0.13, 9.58)

1.35 (0.86–2.13)

2.08 (− 1.47, 5.63)

1.22 (0.99–1.51)

1.83 (− 0.12, 3.78)

 Reduced HDL-cholesterol

1.42 (1.06–1.92)

3.95 (0.54, 7.37)

1.68 (1.01–2.78)

7.90 (− 0.57, 16.37)

1.10 (0.68–1.79)

0.81 (− 4.00, 5.63)

1.67 (1.04–2.66)

4.03 (0.38, 7.68)

1.35 (1.07–1.70)

2.35 (0.26, 4.44)

 Elevated triglycerides

1.38 (1.02–1.85)

3.41 (0.06, 6.75)

1.76 (1.09–2.84)

8.48 (0.58, 16.38)

0.96 (0.58–1.59)

− 0.34 (− 5.34, 4.65)

1.34 (0.82–2.20)

2.20 (− 1.63, 6.03)

1.42 (1.13–1.79)

3.30 (1.22, 5.39)

  1. CI confidence interval, HDL high density lipoprotein, HR hazard ratio, RAP rate advancement period
  2. Italic values are statistically significant at p-value < .05
  3. aModel adjusted for age (underlying variable), alcohol (never, sometimes, regularly), higher level of attained education (primary or less, secondary, college/university), LDL cholesterol level (continuous), Mediterranean diet adherence (continuous), physical activity (metabolic equivalent minutes per day, continuous), prevalent cardiovascular disease (dichotomous), renal disease (dichotomous), sex, smoking status (never, current, and former smoker), and stratified by age (in deciles)
  4. bNumber of participants with metabolic syndrome (n = 1,424); with elevated waist circumference (n = 2,755); with elevated blood pressure (n = 2,235); with elevated fasting glucose (n = 1,595); with reduced HDL-cholesterol (n = 665); with elevated triglycerides (n = 745)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840