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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients divided according to presence or absence of ongoing statin therapy

From: Cholesterol lowering therapies and achievement of targets for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention in type 2 diabetes: unmet needs in a large population of outpatients at specialist clinics

 

On statin

Not on statin

P

Available  %

Value

Available  %

Value

Demographics

 Number

 

63,861

 

40,865

 

 Age, years

100.0

70.3 ± 9.9

100.0

69.6 ± 11.9

< 0.001

 Sex male,  %

100.0

57.5

100.0

54.9

< 0.001

 Diabetes duration, years

100.0

13.1 ± 9.6

100.0

11.5 ± 9.5

< 0.001

Risk factors

 Active smoker,  %

74.7

65.2

76.3

59.2

< 0.001

 Obesity,  %

93.7

41.8%

91.2

39.8%

< 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

93.7

29.3 ± 5.2

91.2

29.6 ± 5.8

< 0.001

 SBP, mm Hg

82.1

137.4 ± 18.4

77.3

137.4 ± 18.5

0.843

 DBP, mm Hg

82.1

76.8 ± 9.4

77.2

78.0 ± 9.7

< 0.001

 Hypertension,  %

96.0

89.8

93.6

91.6

< 0.001

 FPG, mmol/L

93.3

7.9 ± 2.4

92.0

8.0 ± 2.6

0.045

 HbA1c,  %

97.6

7.2 ± 1.1

95.9

7.2 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

90.4

4.2 ± 1.0

83.2

4.6 ± 1.0

< 0.001

 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

88.8

1.3 ± 0.4

80.6

1.3 ± 0.4

0.030

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

89.7

1.6 ± 1.0

82.3

1.6 ± 1.1

0.005

 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L

87.2

2.2 ± 0.8

78.8

2.7 ± 0.8

< 0.001

Complications

 Kidney Disease

95.5

 

91.9

 

< 0.001

  CKD III stage, n (%)

 

28.6

 

27.2

< 0.001

  eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

100.0

72.1 ± 22.2

85.5

73.6 ± 23.0

< 0.001

  AER, mg/24 h

92.1

39.2 ± 49.4

86.9

43.4 ± 52.5

< 0.001

  AER > 30 mg/g

 

34.5

 

37.6

< 0.001

 Eye disease:

74.4

 

64.2

 

< 0.001

  Retinopathy,  %

 

17.8

 

16.5

< 0.001

  DME,  %

 

2.9

 

2.8

0.407

 Neuropathy

34.5

 

33.0

 

< 0.001

  Peripheral,  %

 

20.0

 

18.4

< 0.001

  Autonomic,  %

 

2.5

 

3.0

0.003

 Lower Limbs:

39.2

 

33.5

 

< 0.001

  Atherosclerosis obliterans,  %

 

20.9

 

14.7

< 0.001

  Revascularization,  %

 

2.3

 

1.2

< 0.001

 CNS Complications:

53.2

 

40.2

 

< 0.001

  Stroke/TIA,  %

 

5.5

 

4.8

0.001

  Carotid atherosclerosis,  %

 

45.4

 

36.2

< 0.001

 Cardiac complications;

76.7

 

65.9

 

< 0.001

  IHD,  %

 

16.7

 

5.6

< 0.001

  Revascularization,  %

 

11.7

 

2.7

< 0.001

 Micro-angiopathy,  %

98.4

58.6

96.2

58.0

0.070

 Macro-angiopathy,  %

80.0

46.1

69.0

30.1

< 0.001

Glucose lowering medications

92.4

 

89.1

  

 Insulin  %

 

35.3

 

34.9

0.294

 Metformin  %

 

70.6

 

67.1

< 0.001

 Sulfonylureas  %

 

25.1

 

24.1

< 0.001

 DPP-4i  %

 

21.7

 

18.1

< 0.001

 GLP-1RA  %

 

3.7

 

3.5

0.077

 SGLT2i  %

 

3.0

 

2.6

< 0.001

Other therapies

100.0

 

100.0

  

 APT,  %

 

61.1

 

35.8

< 0.001

 Ezetimibe,  %

 

9.2

 

3.0

< 0.001

 Fibrate,  %

 

1.6

 

5.8

< 0.001

 Omega-3,  %

 

8.9

 

1.6

< 0.001

 ACEi/ARB,  %

 

69.7

 

62.6

< 0.001

 CCB,  %

 

26.7

 

23.2

< 0.001

 Beta-blockers,  %

 

34.9

 

26.5

< 0.001

 Diuretics,  %

 

20.9

 

18.4

< 0.001

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as percentage where appropriate
  2. BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL high-density lipoprotein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CKD chronic kidney disease, DME Diabetic Macular Edema, TIA transient ischemic attack, CVD cardiovascular disease, IHD Ischemic heart disease, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCB calcium channel blockers, APT anti-platelet therapies
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840