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Table 2 Crude and age-standardized average annual percentage change in rates by overall and different subgroups

From: Global trend of diabetes mortality attributed to vascular complications, 2000–2016

Subgroup trend

Crude rates

Age-standardized rates

AAPC

95% CI

P *

AAPC

95% CI

P *

Total

3.6*

3.1

4.1

< 0.05

1.9*

1.4

2.4

 < 0.05

By sex

 Male

4.1*

3.5

4.6

 < 0.05

2.2*

1.7

2.7

 < 0.05

 Female

3.2*

2.6

3.7

 < 0.05

1.6*

1.1

2.1

 < 0.05

By DM type

 T1DM

0.8

− 1.4

3

0.7

− 0.3

− 2.5

1.9

− 0.3

 T2DM

7.2*

6.3

8.2

14.9

7.2*

6.3

8.2

14.9

 Malnutrition-related DM

− 7.6*

− 12.8

− 2

− 2.6

− 8.7*

− 14

− 3.1

− 3

 Other specified DM

1.3

− 5.9

9.1

0.4

− 0.4

− 7.3

7.1

− 0.1

 Unspecified DM

1.1

− 1.8

4

0.7

− 0.2

− 3

2.6

− 0.2

By complication

 Neurological

3.2*

1.9

4.5

 < 0.05

1.7*

0.4

2.9

 < 0.05

 Ophthalmic

− 0.8

− 7.2

6.1

0.8

− 2.4

− 8.6

4.3

0.5

 Peripheral circulatory

 < 0.05

− 1.3

1.4

1

− 4.5*

− 5

− 3.9

 < 0.05

 Renal

4.3*

2.7

5.9

 < 0.05

2.7*

1.2

4.3

 < 0.05

By region

 Africa

23.4*

12.2

35.8

 < 0.05

20.7*

10.4

31.8

 < 0.05

 Asia

− 0.6

− 4.1

3

0.7

− 2.9

− 6.2

0.6

0.1

 Caribbean

3.6

− 0.4

7.8

0.1

1.9

− 2.4

6.4

0.4

 Europe

4.7*

2.6

6.8

 < 0.05

3.5*

0.2

6.8

 < 0.05

 Middle east

21.1*

13.2

29.6

 < 0.05

18.7*

10.8

27.2

 < 0.05

  1. AAPC means average annual percentage change, and the parametric method was used to calculate 95% CI; / denotes no available data
  2. *p value < 0.05
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840