Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to heart failure status
No HF | HFpEF low MR-proANP | HFpEF high MR-proANP | HFrEF | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 646 | 27 | 114 | 19 | |
Age, year (median [IQR]) | 64.4 [56.9–69.8] | 60.2 [53.0–65.7] | 69.8 [64.7–74.9] | 72.2 [64.9–76.6] | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 433 (67.0) | 10 (37.0) | 67 (58.8) | 15 (78.9) | 0.003 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (median [IQR]) | 28.7 [26.0–32.8] | 31.8 [28.9–38.2] | 31.6 [28.0–34.2] | 28.4 [26.0–31.3] | < 0.001 |
T2DM duration, year (median [IQR]) | 11.0 [5.0–16.0] | 15.0 [8.0–23.5] | 15.0 [7.3–20.8] | 12.0 [10.0–23.0] | < 0.001 |
Known ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 97 (15.0) | 2 (7.4) | 42 (36.8) | 9 (47.4) | < 0.001 |
Smoking, n (%) | 0.903 | ||||
Never | 276 (42.7) | 13 (48.1) | 47 (41.2) | 8 (42.1) | |
Active | 88 (13.6) | 5 (18.5) | 19 (16.7) | 2 (10.5) | |
Former | 282 (43.7) | 9 (33.3) | 48 (42.1) | 9 (47.4) | |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean (sd)) | 134.6 (16.2) | 134.8 (15.7) | 139.1 (20.0) | 141.3 (18.6) | 0.029 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (mean (sd)) | 80.0 (10.8) | 79.8 (10.1) | 77.8 (10.9) | 81.6 (9.3) | 0.226 |
Heart rate, bpm (mean (sd)) | 72.4 (11.2) | 76.6 (9.7) | 68.2 (10.8) | 72.7 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Angina, n (%) | 44 (7.0) | 6 (22.2) | 23 (20.7) | 4 (22.2) | < 0.001 |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 162 (25.1) | 27 (100) | 114 (100) | 8 (42.1) | < 0.001 |
New York Heart Association class, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
I | 484 (74.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (57.9) | |
II | 117 (18.1) | 13 (48.1) | 66 (57.9) | 5 (26.3) | |
III | 38 (5.9) | 14 (51.9) | 43 (37.7) | 3 (15.8) | |
IV | 7 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
MR-proANP, pmol/l (median [IQR]) | 65 [42–99] | 46 [32–56] | 124 [89–202] | 125 [94–209] | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l (median [IQR]) | 2.0 [1.5–2.6] | 2.1 [1.8–2.6] | 1.9 [1.6–2.3] | 2.1 [1.8–2.9] | 0.468 |
Creatinine, μmol/l (median [IQR]) | 77.0 [65.0–93.0] | 69.5 [60.3–76.8] | 97.0 [77.0–123.0] | 78.0 [66.5–96.0] | < 0.001 |
Albuminuria, n (%) | 153 (23.7) | 5 (18.5) | 37 (32.5) | 6 (31.6) | 0.077 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol (median [IQR]) | 55.0 [48.0–65.0] | 55.0 [48.5–71.0] | 54.0 [48.0–67.0] | 53.0 [44.5–69.0] | 0.777 |
Hemoglobin, mmol/L (mean (SD)) | 8.7 (0.9) | 8.4 (0.8) | 8.1 (1.0) | 8.8 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
Treatment with | |||||
Metformin, n (%) | 488 (75.5) | 17 (63.0) | 64 (56.1) | 11 (57.9) | < 0.001 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, n (%) | 69 (10.7) | 4 (14.8) | 9 (7.9) | 1 (5.3) | 0.586 |
Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 106 (16.4) | 2 (7.4) | 16 (14.0) | 5 (26.3) | 0.335 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 155 (24.0) | 7 (25.9) | 18 (15.8) | 3 (15.8) | 0.222 |
Insulin, n (%) | 275 (42.6) | 17 (63.0) | 68 (59.6) | 13 (68.4) | < 0.001 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) | 129 (20.0) | 5 (18.5) | 54 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | < 0.001 |
ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 256 (39.6) | 6 (22.2) | 37 (32.5) | 10 (52.6) | 0.081 |
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker, n (%) | 241 (37.3) | 10 (37.0) | 56 (49.1) | 7 (36.8) | 0.123 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 200 (31.0) | 10 (37.0) | 44 (38.6) | 5 (26.3) | 0.364 |
Diureticsa, n (%) | 297 (46.0) | 7 (25.9) | 77 (67.5) | 11 (57.9) | < 0.001 |
Statins, n (%) | 508 (78.6) | 22 (81.5) | 88 (77.2) | 12 (63.2) | 0.419 |
Anti-platelet therapy, n (%) | 423 (65.5) | 16 (59.3) | 90 (78.9) | 15 (78.9) | 0.019 |