| Lower-extremity ulceration or amputation (n = 300) | Peripheral revascularization (n = 190) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Male sex, n (%) | 177 (59.0) | 140 (73.7) | 0.0009 |
Region of origin: Asia, n (%) | 81 (27.0) | 12 (6.3) | <0.0001 |
Region of origin: established market economies, n (%) | 158 (52.7) | 135 (71.0) | |
Region of origin: Eastern Europe, n (%) | 61 (20.3) | 43 (22.6) | |
Age (years): mean (SD) | 66.2 (6.7) | 66.6 (6.9) | 0.55 |
Duration of diabetes (years): median (Q1, Q3) | 8.0 (4.0, 12.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 11.0) | 0.007 |
Waist circumference (cm): mean (SD) | 101 (14) | 102 (14) | 0.72 |
Body mass index (kg/m2): mean (SD) | 29.0 (5.9) | 28.5 (4.4) | 0.32 |
Heart rate (bpm): mean (SD) | 74.5 (11.1) | 72.4 (13.2) | 0.06 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg): mean (SD) | 145 (22) | 144 (22) | 0.76 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg): mean (SD) | 80 (11) | 78 (10) | 0.13 |
Use of antihypertensive treatment, n (%) | 210 (70.0) | 143 (75.3) | 0.21 |
Disturbance of 10-g monofilament sensation, n (%) | 59 (19.7) | 30 (15.8) | 0.28 |
Absence of ankle reflex, n (%) | 102 (34.0) | 51 (26.8) | 0.10 |
Absence of knee reflex, n (%) | 54 (18.0) | 19 (10.0) | 0.02 |
HbA1c (%): median (Q1, Q3) | 7.3 (6.5, 8.7) | 7.0 (6.4, 7.9) | 0.18 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol): median (Q1, Q3) | 56 (47, 72) | 53 (46, 63) | |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73Â m2) | 74 (18) | 70 (18) | 0.01 |
Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (µg/mg): median (Q1, Q3) | 19 (9, 64) | 14 (6, 55) | 0.06 |
Serum total cholesterol (mmol/l): mean (SD) | 5.2 (1.1) | 4.8 (1.0) | 0.0004 |
Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/l): mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.37 |
Serum triglycerides (mmol/l): median (Q1, Q3) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.3) | 0.56 |
Use of lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 103 (34.3) | 126 (66.3) | <0.0001 |
Use of antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | 139 (46.3) | 143 (75.3) | <0.0001 |
History of current smoking, n (%) | 47 (15.7) | 30 (15.8) | 0.97 |
History of ever smoking, n (%) | 153 (51.0) | 133 (70.0) | <0.0001 |
History of current drinking, n (%) | 86 (28.7) | 89 (46.8) | <0.0001 |